Running a business in India involves far more than operations and revenue. Every Private Limited Company, One Person Company, and Limited Liability Partnership must fulfil a series of statutory obligations each financial year. Missing even one filing can invite penalties, director disqualification, or worse, the company being struck off by the Registrar of Companies.
Annual compliance for companies isn't just a legal formality. It reflects the financial health, governance standards, and credibility of your business. Banks, investors, and government agencies routinely verify a company's compliance status before extending credit or approving tenders. If your filings are overdue, it sends a troubling signal to every stakeholder involved.
This guide covers the essential ROC annual filing requirements for different business structures in India, highlights critical deadlines, and explains the consequences of non-compliance. Whether you run a Pvt Ltd company or an LLP, this is the compliance roadmap you need.
Why Annual Compliance Matters for Every Business
The Companies Act, 2013 and the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 lay down specific compliance obligations that apply from the date of incorporation. These are not optional. They apply irrespective of whether your company has commenced business, earned revenue, or conducted any transactions during the year.
Even a dormant company must file annual returns and financial statements with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA). Failing to do so doesn't just attract monetary penalties. Directors may face disqualification under Section 164(2) of the Companies Act if the company defaults on filing for three consecutive years. Once disqualified, a director cannot hold any directorship in any company for a period of five years.
Beyond penalties, non-compliance affects your ability to raise funds, secure loans, bid for contracts, and maintain professional relationships. A clean compliance record acts as a trust signal for everyone your business interacts with, from auditors and bankers to prospective partners. Businesses that maintain meticulous accounting services are far better positioned to meet these obligations without last-minute scrambles.
ROC Annual Filing Requirements for Private Limited Companies
A Private Limited Company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 must complete several filings each year. These are submitted electronically through the MCA portal and carry specific deadlines that cannot be extended without incurring additional fees.
Form AOC-4: Financial Statements
Every company must file its financial statements, including the balance sheet, profit and loss account, cash flow statement, and the notes to accounts with the ROC within 30 days of the Annual General Meeting (AGM). Companies with a turnover of Rs. 250 crore or more, or those listed on a stock exchange, must file in XBRL format using Form AOC-4 XBRL.
Form MGT-7 or MGT-7A: Annual Return
The annual return provides a snapshot of the company's management, shareholding pattern, indebtedness, and other key details. It must be filed within 60 days from the date of the AGM. Small companies and One Person Companies can use the simplified Form MGT-7A instead of the full-length MGT-7. Understanding your private limited company registration obligations from the outset helps you plan your compliance calendar effectively.
Income Tax Return Filing
Every company must file its income tax return by 31st October of the assessment year if it requires a tax audit, or by 31st July otherwise. The applicable ITR form for companies is ITR-6. Filing the return accurately ensures that you claim all eligible deductions, carry forward losses, and avoid notices from the Income Tax Department. You can explore professional support for income tax return filing to ensure timely and error-free submissions.
Other Mandatory Filings and Obligations
Beyond the core ROC forms, companies must also comply with several additional requirements. These include holding a minimum of four board meetings per year (with a gap not exceeding 120 days between two consecutive meetings), conducting the AGM within six months from the close of the financial year, maintaining statutory registers such as the register of members and register of charges, and getting the books of accounts audited by a practising Chartered Accountant.
Companies registered under GST must continue filing monthly or quarterly GST returns. Similarly, if the company deducts TDS on salary or professional payments, quarterly TDS return filing is mandatory. These tax-related filings run parallel to the ROC annual filing requirements and must be tracked separately.
Annual Compliance for Limited Liability Partnerships
LLPs enjoy a lighter compliance framework compared to companies, but they are by no means exempt. Every LLP registered in India must file two key forms annually with the ROC.
Form 11, the Annual Return, must be filed within 60 days from the close of the financial year, which means the deadline falls on 30th May each year. It captures information about the LLP's management, partners, and their contributions.
Form 8, the Statement of Account and Solvency, must be filed within 30 days from the end of six months of the financial year. The effective deadline is 30th October. This form declares whether the LLP is solvent and includes details of its income, expenditure, assets, and liabilities.
LLPs whose turnover exceeds Rs. 40 lakh or whose capital contribution exceeds Rs. 25 lakh must also get their accounts audited. If you're setting up a new LLP, understanding these obligations early through proper LLP incorporation guidance can save you from future compliance headaches.
Annual Compliance Calendar: Key Deadlines at a Glance
| Filing or Obligation | Applicable To | Deadline |
| Form AOC-4 (Financial Statements) | Pvt Ltd / Public Ltd | Within 30 days of AGM |
| Form MGT-7 / MGT-7A (Annual Return) | Pvt Ltd / Public Ltd / OPC | Within 60 days of AGM |
| AGM (Annual General Meeting) | All companies | Within 6 months from FY end |
| Board Meetings (minimum 4) | All companies | Gap not exceeding 120 days |
| Form 11 (LLP Annual Return) | LLPs | 30th May each year |
| Form 8 (Statement of Solvency) | LLPs | 30th October each year |
| Income Tax Return (ITR-6) | All companies | 31st October (with audit) |
| GST Annual Return (GSTR-9) | GST registered entities | 31st December |
| TDS Returns (Form 24Q/26Q) | TDS deductors | Quarterly |
Penalties for Non-Compliance: What You Risk
The financial consequences of missing compliance deadlines are severe and compounding. For delayed filing of AOC-4 or MGT-7, the MCA charges an additional fee of Rs. 100 per day of delay. There is no cap on this penalty, which means a filing delayed by one year could attract an additional fee of Rs. 36,500 per form.
For LLPs, the penalty for late filing of Form 11 or Form 8 is Rs. 100 per day per form. Directors and designated partners face personal liability for these defaults. In the case of companies, directors who fail to file annual returns for three consecutive financial years are disqualified under Section 164(2) and their DIN is deactivated.
The ROC may also initiate proceedings to strike off the name of a company under Section 248 if it has not filed annual returns or financial statements for two consecutive years. Once struck off, the company loses its legal existence, and directors are barred from incorporating or managing any other company for five years.
Practical Tips for Staying Compliant Year-Round
Compliance is not something you tackle in the last week of September. It requires consistent effort throughout the year. Start by maintaining a compliance calendar that maps every filing deadline against your financial year. Set internal reminders at least 30 days before each due date.
Keep your books of accounts updated on a monthly basis. Delayed bookkeeping is the single biggest reason companies miss their annual filing deadlines. When your financial data is current, preparing statutory statements and filing returns becomes straightforward.
Engage a qualified Chartered Accountant or Company Secretary well before the filing season. Professionals who manage your GST return filing and annual ROC filings throughout the year can identify issues early and resolve them before they become costly errors.
Conclusion
Annual compliance for companies is not an afterthought. It is the backbone of a well-governed, trustworthy business. From filing financial statements and annual returns with the ROC to meeting tax obligations with the Income Tax Department, each filing serves a purpose in maintaining your company's legal standing and credibility.
The ROC annual filing requirements may seem extensive, but with the right professional support and a disciplined approach to record-keeping, they become manageable. Don't wait until the deadline looms. Build compliance into your business rhythm from day one.
For end-to-end support with your company's annual filings, statutory audits, and regulatory compliance, connect with the experienced team at Patron Accounting. Our chartered accountants and company secretaries are equipped to handle filings for Pvt Ltd companies, LLPs, OPCs, and public companies across India.
