Cryptocurrency trading exploded in India over recent years. Bitcoin, Ethereum, and countless altcoins attracted millions of investors seeking high returns. However, the tax implications caught many off guard. Understanding crypto ITR filing is now essential for anyone who has bought, sold, or traded digital assets.
Understanding Virtual Digital Asset Taxation
The Income Tax Act was amended in 2022 to introduce Section 115BBH specifically for Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs). This covers cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and any other digital assets generated through cryptographic means.
The 30% Flat Tax Rule: Key Provisions
The virtual digital asset tax framework introduced some of the strictest crypto taxation rules globally. Check CBDT guidelines for current provisions.
| Provision | Rule |
| Tax Rate | Flat 30% on gains (plus 4% cess) |
| Deductions Allowed | Only cost of acquisition (no other expenses) |
| Loss Set Off | Not allowed against any income |
| Loss Carry Forward | Not permitted |
| TDS Rate | 1% on transactions above threshold |
| Holding Period | Not relevant (no STCG/LTCG distinction) |
TDS on Crypto Transactions: Section 194S
Section 194S requires TDS deduction on cryptocurrency tax India transactions. This applies when you sell crypto through an Indian exchange or to an Indian buyer.
- Rate: 1% of transaction value
- Threshold: Rs. 50,000 per year (Rs. 10,000 for specified persons)
- Deductor: Exchange or buyer (whoever is making payment)
- Credit: Appears in Form 26AS, claim against final tax liability
Step-by-Step: Filing Crypto ITR
Follow these steps for crypto ITR filing through the Income Tax e-Filing Portal.
Step 1: Gather Transaction Records - Download transaction history from all exchanges. Note buy price, sell price, quantity, and dates.
Step 2: Calculate Gains for Each Transaction - For each sale, compute: Sale value minus cost of acquisition. Use FIFO method. Cannot deduct trading fees.
Step 3: Aggregate All Gains - Add up gains from all profitable transactions. Losses cannot offset gains.
Step 4: Login and Select ITR Form - Select ITR-2 (most common for crypto investors). Navigate to Schedule VDA.
Step 5: Fill Schedule VDA - Enter details of each VDA transaction: date of acquisition, date of transfer, cost, sale consideration, and resulting income.
Step 6: Claim TDS Credit - Check Form 26AS for TDS deducted under Section 194S. Claim this credit against your total crypto tax liability.
Step 7: Submit and Verify - Review all entries. Submit and e-verify using Aadhaar OTP.
For professional assistance with VDA reporting, consider Income Tax Return Filing services from Patron Accounting.
Conclusion
Crypto ITR filing is now a mandatory compliance requirement for all crypto investors in India. The cryptocurrency tax India framework may be strict, but understanding the rules helps you file accurately. Maintain detailed records of all transactions and report every taxable event.
